General

Greetings

1. Bonjour – Hello / Good morning
2. Salut – Hi / Bye
3. Bonsoir – Good evening
4. Bonne nuit – Good night
5. Au revoir – Goodbye
6. À bientôt – See you soon
7. À demain – See you tomorrow
8. À tout à l’heure – See you later
9. Bonne journée – Have a good day
10. Bon week-end – Have a good weekend
11. Oui – Yes
12. D’accord – Okay / Alright
13. Non – No
14. Merci – Thank you
15. Merci beaucoup – Thank you very much
16. De rien – You’re welcome
17. S’il vous plaît – Please (formal)
18. S’il te plaît – Please (informal)
19. Excusez-moi – Excuse me
20. Pardon – Sorry
21. Comment ça va ? – How are you?
22. Ça va bien, merci – I’m fine, thank you
23. Et vous ? – And you? (formal)
24. Et toi ? – And you? (informal)
25. Parlez-vous anglais ? – Do you speak English? (formal)
26. Parles-tu anglais ? – Do you speak English? (informal)
27. Je ne parle pas français – I don’t speak French
28. Je parle un peu français – I speak a little French
29. Je m’appelle… – My name is…
30. Enchanté(e) – Nice to meet you

I don’t speak French

1. Je ne comprends pas – I don’t understand
2. Je suis désolée, je ne comprends pas. – I’m sorry, I don’t understand.
   is used by a female speaker. “Désolée” is the feminine form of the adjective “désolé”
3. Je suis désolé, je ne comprends pas. – I’m sorry, I don’t understand.
   is used by a male speaker. “Désolé” is the masculine form of the adjective “désolé”.
4. Pouvez-vous répéter? – Can you repeat?
5. Je ne parle pas bien français. – I don’t speak French well.
6. Répétez, s’il vous plaît – Please repeat (formal)
7. Répète, s’il te plaît – Please repeat (informal)
8. Parlez plus lentement, s’il vous plaît – Speak more slowly, please (formal)
9. Parle plus lentement, s’il te plaît – Speak more slowly, please (informal)
10. Je comprends – I understand

Asking for help

1. Pouvez-vous m’aider ? – Can you help me? (formal)
2. Peux-tu m’aider ? – Can you help me? (informal)
3. Où sont les toilettes ? – Where are the restrooms?
4. Quelle heure est-il ? – What time is it?
5. Où est… ? – Where is…?
6. Pourquoi ? – Why?
7. Quand ? – When?
8. Où ? – Where?
9. Qui ? – Who?
10. Quoi ? – What?
11. Comment ? – How?
12. Je voudrais… – I would like…
13. J’ai besoin de… – I need…
14. Attention – Be careful
15. Quelle est la connexion Wi-Fi ? – What is the Wi-Fi password?
16. Comment ça s’écrit ? – How is it written?

Walking

1. Je suis perdu(e) – I am lost
2. Pouvez-vous me montrer? – Can you show me?
3. Où est la gare ? – Where is the train station?
4. Où est l’hôtel ? – Where is the hotel?
5. Où est la pharmacie ? – Where is the pharmacy?
6. Où est le restaurant ? – Where is the restaurant?
7. Où est la bibliothèque ? – Where is the library?
8. Où est le supermarché ? – Where is the supermarket?
9. Où est la gare ? – Where is the train station?
10. Où est l’aéroport ? – “Where is the airport?
11. Où est l’école ? – “Where is the school?
12. Pouvez-vous m’indiquer le chemin pour… ? – Can you tell me the way to…? (formal)
13. Peux-tu m’indiquer le chemin pour… ? – Can you tell me the way to…? (informal)
14. C’est loin ? – Is it far?
15. C’est près d’ici? – Is it near here?
16. C’est près d’ici – It’s near here
17. C’est loin d’ici – It’s far from here
18. Tournez à gauche – Turn left
19. Tournez à droite – Turn right
20. Allez tout droit – Go straight ahead

Travelling

1. Je voudrais un billet pour…- I would like a ticket to…
2. À quelle heure part le train ? – What time does the train leave?
3. Où est l’arrêt de bus ? – Where is the bus stop?
4. Est-ce que ce bus va à…? – Does this bus go to…?
5. Je veux louer une voiture – I want to rent a car

Description of people and objects

1. C’est impossible – That’s impossible
2. C’est grand – It’s big
3. C’est petit – It’s small
4. C’est joli – It’s pretty
5. C’est moche – It’s ugly
6. C’est cher – It’s expensive
7. C’est bon marché – It’s cheap
8. C’est vrai – That’s true
9. C’est faux – That’s false

Shopping

1. Je voudrais acheter… – I would like to buy…
2. Combien ça coûte ? – How much does it cost?
3. C’est trop cher – It’s too expensive
4. Avez-vous…? – Do you have…?
5. Je cherche… – I am looking for…
6. Combien ça coûte ? – How much does it cost?
7. L’addition, s’il vous plaît – The check, please.
8. Où puis-je acheter… ? – Where can I buy…?
9. Où puis-je trouver… ? – Where can I find…?
10. C’est combien ? – How much is it?

How do you feel?

1. Je suis fatigué(e) – I am tired
2. Je suis content(e) – I am happy
3. Je suis triste – I am sad
4. J’ai chaud – I am hot
5. J’ai froid – I am cold
6. J’ai peur – I am scared
7. J’ai sommeil – I am sleepy
8. Je suis désolé(e) – I am sorry
9. Je suis fatigué(e) – I am tired
10. J’ai faim – I am hungry
11. J’ai soif – I am thirsty
12. Je suis malade – I am sick
13. Appelez un médecin – Call a doctor (formal)
14. Appelle un médecin – Call a doctor (informal)
15. J’ai besoin d’un médecin – I need a doctor
16. Je me sens bien – I feel good
17. Je me sens mal – I feel bad
18. J’ai mal à la tête – I have a headache
19. J’ai mal au ventre – I have a stomachache
20. J’ai de la fièvre – I have a fever

Phrases for Introductions

1. Comment vous appelez-vous? – What is your name?
2. Je suis… – I am…
3. Quel âge avez-vous? – How old are you?
4. J’ai… ans – I am… years old
5. Je viens de… – I come from…
6. Où habitez-vous ? – Where do you live? (formal)
7. Où habites-tu ? – Where do you live? (informal)
8. Quelle est votre profession? – What is your profession?
9. Je suis étudiant(e). – I am a student.
10. Je travaille comme… – I work as…
11. Quelle est votre adresse ? – What is your address? (formal)
12. Quelle est ton adresse ? – What is your address? (informal)
13. Quel est votre numéro de téléphone ? – What is your phone number? (formal)
14. Quel est ton numéro de téléphone ? – What is your phone number? (informal)
15. Quelle est votre adresse e-mail? – What is your email address?
16. Parlez lentement, s’il vous plaît. – Speak slowly, please.

Small talk

1. J’aime – I like
2. Je n’aime pas – I don’t like
3. J’adore – I love
4. Je déteste – I hate
5. Comment dit-on… en français? – How do you say… in French?
6. Qu’est-ce que c’est? – What is it?
7. C’est quoi? – What is this?
8. Peut-être – Maybe
9. Bien sûr – Of course
10. C’est vrai – That’s true
11. C’est faux – That’s false
12. Je vous en prie – You’re welcome
13. Je suis désolé(e) – I’m sorry
14. Je n’aime pas ça – I don’t like it.
15. J’aime ça – I like it.
16. Je voudrais… – I would like…
17. Je ne veux pas… – I don’t want…
18. Je veux… – I want…
19. J’ai besoin de… – I need…
20. Pas de problème – No problem
21. Je suis en retard – I am late
22. Je suis à l’heure – I am on time
23. C’est une bonne idée – That’s a good idea

Weather

1. Il fait beau – The weather is nice
2. Il fait mauvais – The weather is bad
3. Il fait froid – It’s cold
4. Il fait chaud – It’s hot
5. Il pleut – It’s raining
6. Il neige – It’s snowing
7. Le soleil brille – The sun is shining

Dining Out

At a Cafe:

1. 1. Bonjour, une table pour une personne, s’il vous plaît. – Hello, a table for one, please.
   2. Je voudrais un café noir, s’il vous plaît. – I would like a black coffee, please.
   3. Je voudrais un expresso, s’il vous plaît. – I would like an espresso, please.
   4. Je vais prendre un thé à la menthe, s’il vous plaît. – I’ll have a mint tea, please.
   5. Une tarte aux pommes, s’il vous plaît. – An apple tart, please
   6. Un croissant, s’il vous plaît. – A croissant, please.
   7. C’est délicieux. – It’s delicious.
   8. Est-ce que vous avez des pâtisseries sans gluten ? – Do you have any gluten-free pastries?
   9. L’addition, s’il vous plaît. – The check, please.
   10. Merci beaucoup. – Thank you very much…

At a Restaurant:

1. Bonjour, avez-vous une réservation ? – Hello, do you have a reservation?
2. Je voudrais voir la carte, s’il vous plaît. – I would like to see the menu, please.
3. Quelle est la spécialité de la maison ? – What is the house specialty?
4. Je vais prendre le plat du jour. – I’ll have the dish of the day.
5. Je suis allergique aux noix. Y a-t-il des plats sans noix sur le menu ? – I am allergic to nuts. Are there nut-free dishes on the menu?
6. Est-ce que le plat est épicé ? – Is the dish spicy?
7. Pouvez-vous recommander un bon vin pour accompagner ce plat ? – Can you recommend a good wine to accompany this dish?
8. Est-ce que vous avez des options végétariennes ? – Do you have vegetarian options?
9. Puis-je avoir de l’eau plate / gazeuse, s’il vous plaît ? – Can I have still / sparkling water, please?
10. Puis-je avoir l’addition, s’il vous plaît ? – Can I have the check, please?

At a Bar:

1. Bonjour, je voudrais une bière, s’il vous plaît. – Hello, I would like a beer, please.
2. Avez-vous des cocktails spéciaux ? – Do you have any special cocktails?
3. Quelle est votre sélection de vins ? – What is your wine selection?
4. Un verre de vin rouge/blanc, s’il vous plaît. – A glass of red/white wine, please.
5. Merci, c’était délicieux. – Thank you, it was delicious.
6. Je voudrais un cocktail sans alcool, s’il vous plaît. – I would like a non-alcoholic cocktail, please.
7. Est-ce que vous avez une sélection de bières locales ? – Do you have a selection of local beers?
8. Je vais prendre une assiette de fromages, s’il vous plaît. – I’ll have a cheese plate, please.
9. Quelle est votre spécialité de la maison en matière de cocktails ? – What is your house specialty cocktail?
10. Puis-je voir le menu des boissons ? – Can I see the drinks menu?

Wishes

1. Bon appétit – Enjoy your meal
2. Bonne journée – Have a nice day
3. Bonne soirée – Have a nice evening
4. Joyeux anniversaire – Happy birthday
5. Joyeux Noël – Merry Christmas
6. Bonne année – Happy New Year
7. Félicitations – Congratulations
8. Bon voyage – Have a good trip
9. Bienvenue – Welcome
10. Bon retour – Welcome back
11. À votre santé – Cheers (formal)
12. À ta santé – Cheers (informal)
13. À plus tard – See you later
14. À tout à l’heure – See you soon
15. Bonne chance – Good luck
16. Amusez-vous bien – Have fun (formal)
17. Amuse-toi bien – Have fun (informal)

Russian alphabet, also known as the Cyrillic alphabet, is a fascinating script that has been instrumental in shaping the culture and identity of Russia and other Slavic nations. With its unique characters and rich history, it’s worth taking a closer look at this beautiful writing system.

The Russian alphabet is based on the Cyrillic script, which was developed in the 9th century by Saints Cyril and Methodius, two Byzantine brothers who were sent as Christian missionaries to the Slavic peoples. Over time, the script was adapted to suit the linguistic needs of various Slavic languages, including Russian.

These are the 33 letters of the Russian alphabet, written in their standard order. Each letter has its own unique pronunciation and plays a crucial role in the Russian language. Some characters in Cyrillic look similar to their Latin counterparts but may have different sounds. It includes vowel and consonant letters, and its letters are grouped into three categories: uppercase, lowercase, and cursive.

А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я

German language is a fascinating linguistic tapestry that weaves its way through the heart of Europe. With its rich history, diverse dialects, and cultural significance, let’s explore the vibrant world of the German language! German belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. Its earliest recorded texts date back to the 8th century, and it has evolved significantly since then. Today, it’s the most widely spoken language in Europe.

Here is a list of the 26 letters of the German alphabet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

The German language may also include umlauted letters (ä, ö, ü) and the Eszett (ß) for specific sounds and words.

Standard German, often referred to as “Hochdeutsch” (High German), serves as the official and standard form of the language. It’s used in education, media, and government, making it the lingua franca of the German-speaking world.

In addition to Standard German, Austria and Switzerland have their own variants: Austrian German (Österreichisches Deutsch) and Swiss German (Schweizerdeutsch). Swiss German, in particular, is known for its unique phonetics and vocabulary.

One of the most intriguing aspects of the German language is its dialectal diversity. Different regions in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and neighboring countries have their own distinct dialects, some of which can be quite challenging for non-native speakers to understand.

German is famous (and sometimes feared) for its grammatical complexity. It features grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive), gendered nouns (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and a flexible word order that allows for creative sentence construction.

The Romanian alphabet is a fascinating script that reflects the rich cultural and linguistic heritage of Romania and Republic of Moldova. Romanian, like most Western European languages, is written in Latin script. However, it boasts a distinctive set of characters and pronunciation nuances that make it truly one-of-a-kind.

Romanian is a Romance language, closely related to Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese. Yet, it has a unique linguistic identity with influences from Latin, Slavic languages, and Hungarian due to its geographic location.

The Romanian alphabet consists of 31 letters, including 26 letters found in the English alphabet and five additional characters. These additional letters are used to represent unique Romanian sounds and features.

Here are the five extra letters in the Romanian alphabet:

Ș (ș) – Pronounced like “sh” in English.
Ț (ț) – Similar to the “ts” sound in “cats.”
Ă (ă) – Represents a short, open central vowel sound.
 (â) – Indicates a long, central, and rounded vowel sound.
Î (î) – Represents a close central vowel sound.

The Bulgarian alphabet is a captivating journey through history, culture, and linguistic identity.

The Bulgarian alphabet is based on the Cyrillic script, which was created by Saints Cyril and Methodius, two Byzantine brothers, in the 9th century. This script was specifically tailored to the needs of the Slavic languages and later adapted for the Bulgarian language.

Bulgarian Cyrillic features 30 letters, some of which are not found in other Cyrillic alphabets. One distinct feature is the letter “ъ” (called “yer” or “ер малък”), which represents a short, unaccented vowel sound similar to the English “uh.”

These are the 30 letters that make up the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet. Each letter represents a specific sound in the Bulgarian language.

А (a)
Б (b)
В (v)
Г (g)
Д (d)
Е (e)
Ж (zh)
З (z)
И (i)
Й (y)
К (k)
Л (l)
М (m)
Н (n)
О (o)
П (p)
Р (r)
С (s)
Т (t)
У (u)
Ф (f)
Х (kh)
Ц (ts)
Ч (ch)
Ш (sh)
Щ (sht)
Ъ (a with a short sound)
Ь (yery)
Ю (yu)
Я (ya)

The Dutch alphabet, like many other European languages, is based on the Latin script with a few additional characters to accommodate Dutch phonetics. It consists of 26 letters, just like the English alphabet.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Additionally, the Dutch language may use digraphs like “ij” and “ei” to represent specific sounds, which are considered separate entities in the Dutch alphabet.

Bienvenue! Learning the French alphabet opens up a world of poetry, literature, art, and cuisine. Whether you’re enjoying a croissant in a charming Parisian café, reading classic works by Victor Hugo, or savoring the sounds of Edith Piaf’s songs, understanding the French alphabet adds depth to your experience.

The French alphabet consists of 26 letters, just like the English alphabet. However, there are a few unique features and pronunciation quirks that make it distinctive and melodious.

a, b, c, d, e f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o ,p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.

Accents: French uses five diacritical marks, or accents: é, è, ê, à, and û. These accents can change the pronunciation and meaning of words. For example, “é” sounds like the ‘ay’ in ‘day,’ while “è” sounds like the ‘e’ in ‘let.’

Cédille (Ç): The cedilla, or “ç,” appears under the letter “c” in words like “garçon.” It softens the “c” to sound like an “s” instead of a hard “k” sound.

Guttural Sounds: French has some unique guttural sounds, like “r.” It’s pronounced at the back of the throat and can be challenging for learners.

Guttural Sounds: French has some unique guttural sounds, like “r.” It’s pronounced at the back of the throat and can be challenging for learners.

Nasal Vowels: French is known for its nasal vowels. Letters like “an,” “en,” “in,” “on,” and “un” often sound nasalized.

Nasal Vowels: French is known for its nasal vowels. Letters like “an,” “en,” “in,” “on,” and “un” often sound nasalized.

Silent Letters: French is notorious for its silent letters. Letters like “h,” “t,” and sometimes even the final “e” are often not pronounced.

Liaisons: French has liaisons, where normally silent consonants are pronounced when followed by a vowel. For example, “petit arbre” is pronounced as “peti tarbre.”

Digraphs: French uses letter combinations like “ch,” “ou,” and “eu” to create unique sounds.